The history of public transport in Mongolia starts with the creation of Mongoltrans council in 1929. The first public bus route was between Ulaanbaatar city and then-city Amgalan with 5 rides a day. Currently, buses are the main mode of public transportation in Ulaanbaatar. Buses pass stops at approximately 15-minute intervals. Buses runs between 7:00am and 10:00pm. As of 2023, there are about 1048 buses operating daily in Ulaanbaatar city. There is a daily international bus service between Ulan-Ude, Russia and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. There is relatively developed bus transport between cities of Mongolia from minivans to large coach buses (usually up to 45 seats). The national and municipal governments regulate a wide system of private transit providers which operate numerous bus lines around the city. There is also an Ulaanbaatar trolleybus system. Avtobus 1, Avtobus 3 (both are publicly owned), Tenuun Ogoo LLC, Erdem trans LLC and Sutain buyant LLC are major bus operators

Railway development came late to Mongolia. In 1937, a line was built from Ulan-Ude in the Soviet Union to Naushki on the border with Mongolia. In 1939, a paved road was extended to Ulaanbaatar, the country's capital. Construction of a rail line from Naushki to Ulaanbaatar was delayed by World War II, and completed in November 1949. The Soviet Union, Mongolia, and the People's Republic of China agreed to extend the line from Ulaanbaatar to Jining in China. In Mongolia, the railway was built entirely by the Soviet 505th Penal Unit, composed of soldiers imprisoned for surrendering during the war and other crimes. The line was opened by Inner Mongolian leader Ulanhu on 1 January 1956.[2][3] In 1958, the railway switched to diesel engines and automated switching. Branches were built to the coal mines at Sharyngol in 1963 (63 km (39 mi)) and at Baganuur in 1982 (85 km (53 mi)), the copper mine at Erdenet in 1975 (164 km (102 mi)), the fluorspar mine at Bor-Öndör in 1987 (60 km (37 mi)), and the oil refinery at Züünbayan (63 km (39 mi)).[2] Modernization in the 1990s replaced some old Soviet-made locomotives with more powerful American models, and installed fiber-optic trackside cables for communications and signaling.[3] In 2022, a line opened linking the branch at Züünbayan with Khangi on the Chinese border.[4] An east–west line linking Züünbayan with the coal mines at Tavan Tolgoi (also linked to the Chinese border in 2022) is expected to open by the end of 2023.

Mongolia has only one international airport which is named “Chinggis khaan International airport”. It operates all international flights from/to Mongolia and domestic flights through this airport as well. New International Ulaanbaatar airport (uln airport) is located in Khushigt Valley in Tuv province. The airport started to serve on July 4th, 2021, and is 52 km far from the city center and connected by a paved road. The new airport can be smaller than you expected. But clean and comfortable, and more good services and facilities compared with the old one. Chinggis khan international airport has the basic necessary facilities and several airlines flying to Mongolia including Mongolian Airlines (MIAT), Turkish Airlines, Korean Air, Aeroflot, Air China, Asiana Airlines, Tianjin air, Air Pusan, Angara Airlines, SCAT Airlines, Hunnu air, Ezines airways, and Aero Mongolia.

The best time to visit Mongolia is during the Mongolian summer, from the mid of June till last week of August. This is the safest time of the year to travel to Mongolia in terms of weather, sunny days throughout Mongolia and sufficient rainfall to make the steppes lush and green. June and September are both very pleasant times to visit Mongolia. September, autumn is enjoyable, colorful, not hot, and not cold. Nomads have plenty of dairy products and are busy processing milk and preparing for winter. Beautiful countryside of Mongolia is even more beautiful and picturesque with the autumn colors.

Months to Best:

July is the best time to see the Mongolia Naadam Festival.

The best season for Gobi Desert tour: from June to September and October is shoulder season.

July to August is the best season to travel to Northern Mongolia and Khuvsgul Lake tour and September is shoulder season.

First of October is chance to see Golden Eagle Festival in Altai, Western Mongolia.

February is the best time to experience Mongolia winter season.

What months in Mongolia are consider green Peak Season (High Season), Shoulder Season, and Low Season?

Generally and traditionally, the Peak Season refers to July and August; the Shoulder Season refers to May, June, September and October; the Low Season refers to January, February, March, April, November and December.

Mongolia is a vast country with various climates and four distinct seasons. Thus traveler may need to pack different clothes at different seasons. But weather patterns at any time can change rapidly. One minute you’re walking around in a T-shirt and sandals, next you need an overcoat and boots, then its back to T-shirts. This is especially the case during autumn and spring. suggest you check the climate of your travel season, month and then choose the appropriate clothes. In most cases you will not need to bring towels as you will be provided in the hotels and tourist Ger camps. In general, you should take the easily dry clothes and prepare the umbrella for a rainy day. In addition, we suggest you also bring along a first aid kit with the common used medicines.

Police:102 (free call)

First Aid Ambulance:103 (free call)

SOS Medical:+976-91913122, +976-91913122

Traffic Accidents:101 (free call)

National Emergency Management Agency:+976-11325726

Railway Station:+976-19001949

Airlines

Chinggis Khaan Airport:

Airport Call Center: +976-19001980

Cargo: +976-71285065

Customs Agency: +976-70049557, +976-18001281

Airport Medical: +976-71283033

Aero Mongolia: +976-70103030

Hunnu Air: +976-70001111 CConsular Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mongolia:

Phone:+976-51262282

Email: dep10@mfa.gov.mn

Visa: +976-11261684

Immigration Service:

Information Call Center: +976-18001882

Visa Approval: +976-75851882

Foreign nationals who wish to visit Mongolia must obtain visas of appropriate types corresponding to the purpose of their visit. Nationals of those countries which have concluded visa exemption agreements with Mongolia are not required to obtain a visa if the intended period of the visit is not beyond the period allowed under such arrangements. For more information, please see “LIST OF VISA FREE COUNTRIES”. List of visa free countries In order to apply for a visa, you must submit your visa application at a Mongolian diplomatic mission (Embassy/Consulate).

Tourist visa

Completed application form;

Passport in original (must be valid for a minimum of six months before your intended travel to Mongolia)

3.5×4.5cm photo (the size of the photo is mandatory)

Visa permission* by the Immigration Agency of Mongolia (more information from visa permission (immigration.gov.mn) )

Proof of visa fee payment (the fee is non-refundable)

Official/diplomatic visa

Completed application form;

Passport in original (must be valid for a minimum of six months before your intended travel to Mongolia)

3.5×4.5cm photo (the size of the photo is mandatory)

Visa permission* by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia

Official request by the sending authority or Ministry of Foreign Affairs/Foreign diplomatic missions

Visa fee may be waived depending on the purpose of the visit.

Visa permission must be applied by a person/entity that is inviting you to Mongolia prior to your expected arrival and you may apply for your visa only after the permission is issued and notified to the relevant diplomatic mission where you will submit your visa application.

ON ARRIVAL/TRANSIT VISA INFORMATION

Transit visa can be applied at Mongolian borders if the applicant has an onward flight/train ticket or obtained a visa if applicable, of the country he or she plans to visit immediately after Mongolia. (Transit visa allows for a stay up to 10 days in Mongolia)

Important notice: To avoid longer processing times, travelers are advised to complete the application form prior to their arrival in Mongolia. Visa fee shall be paid on arrival. Visitors coming to Mongolia for a purpose other than tourism may only be issued on-arrival visa if the following requirements are met:

You must have an inviting person/entity who must apply for your on-arrival visa approval at the Immigration Agency of Mongolia prior to your expected date of arrival

Official/diplomatic visitors could be issued on-arrival visa if on-arrival visa approval granted based on request of inviting government/public organization applies for your at the Consular Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia.

Designation, validity term, duration of stay, and number of entries of visa is all different depending on types of a visa. Important notice: Foreign nationals are required to provide their biometric detials at the border control when entering Mongolia. Individuals or hotels etc who providing accommodation must register foreign nationals by online through (immigration.gov.mn) within 48 hours.

You can see NATIONALS OF THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES/REGIONS ARE EXEMPTED FROM VISA TO ENTER MONGOLIA (AS OF FEBRUARY 2019) HERE

Mongolia is one of the safest countries in the world. The policemen are quite friendly to the tourists. As a visitor, you are unlikely to experience any serious problems. However, like anywhere else there are a few things that visitors should be aware of, things that will need extra care and attention. Theft is seldom violent. Pick pocketing and bag slitting is most common in crowded places such as the black market, on buses or at tourist attractions such as Gandan Monastery and shopping places. Valuables should be kept in a money belt and kept underneath your clothing. Be careful about being seen with large amounts of money outside.

Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor (ideally, 4-6 weeks) before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. In general, No special vaccinations are required for travel to Mongolia unless the traveler is coming from a yellow fever infected area. In general, it is advisable to follow the advice of the World Health Organization or USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have some vaccinations in advance. Medical services in Mongolia are available everywhere. However, in some remote regions, the health service may not be as standard as big cities’. So please ensure that you are in good health and take all the suggested precautions to avoid illness. We recommend you carry some common medicines along while traveling Mongolia, such as the medicines for flu, coughing, sore throat, diarrhea, etc. that you use at home. It is advisable to go to see your doctor and follow his or her advice on which medicines you should take.

Most of time, if you get sick during your tour in Mongolia, you can be cured in the local hospitals. But, for some tours in the remote places, the hospitals could be far away, requiring the help of planes. Besides, the hospitals in Mongolia are different from those in western countries. It is possible for you to pay for the medical services in advance, and receive the compensation from your health insurance company later on. Serious medical problems requiring hospitalization and/or medical evacuation either within Mongolia or to other countries are extremely expensive and can cost more than $100,000. Evacuation companies will not take you to another location without a full fee guarantee beforehand. Please note that not all insurance companies provide medical evacuation coverage for Mongolia. Please check with your insurance provider before traveling and consider supplemental medical or travel insurance. Currently, SOS Medica Mongolia UB International Clinic is the only clinic that has medical evacuation services in Mongolia.

Eligibility:

1.To have certain living capability and source /Must have legal living sources and monthly income shall be 10 times more than the minimum wage limit/

2. To possess certain knowledge about Mongolian people’s traditions, official language and the Constitution of Mongolia. /Must be able to speak and understand Mongolian language well, know well about Mongolian people’s traditions and customs and have general understanding of the Constitution of Mongolia and other legal remedies/. To have resided in the territory of Mongolia permanently for at least 5 years

3. The applicant is required to obtain a certificate from the competent authority of the country of residence or from the diplomatic mission or consulate of that country in Mongolia.

Processing time:

6 months to 1 year

Fee:

Receipt of payment /60.000₮/ Golomt Bank - 1320000052

Required documents to become a citizen of Mongolia

Download application form

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The official currency is the Tugrug (MNT=₮). Denominations come in 20.000₮, 10.000₮, 5.000₮, 1.000₮, 500₮, 100₮, 50₮, 20₮ and 10₮. The official exchange rate at this time (October 2023) is 3446₮ to 1 U.S dollar. Visitors are advised to carry credit cards – Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Union Pay– and traveler’s checks that can be accepted by most hotels and major stores and can be exchanged for cash of MNT.

Prices of basic products in Mongolia are lower than in United States. You have to pay 2.27 times less for shopping in Mongolia than in United States. The average accommodation cost in Mongolia range from: 13 USD (43,000 MNT) in hostel to 69 USD (239,000 MNT) in 3 star hotel. Price per night in a luxury hotel in Mongolia is about 112 USD (385,952 MNT). Using public transport in Mongolia comes at a cost of: 0.14 USD (500 MNT) for a one-way ticket. The price for renting a car in Mongolia (e.g. Volkswagen Golf or Toyota Corolla) to 16USD (55,500,000 MNT). If you prefer taxi, remember that the price of a taxi in Mongolia depends on several factors. Taxi starting price is about: 0.43 USD (1,500 MNT). For 1 km ride in Mongolia you have to pay about: 0.43 USD (1,500 MNT).

If you want to spend a week in Mongolia the cost of your stay will be:

1.225 USD (775,000 MNT) - a cheap stay for 7 days in Mongolia

2.313 USD (1,080,000 MNT) - a budget travel for 7 days in Mongolia

3.734 USD (2,529,000 MNT) for a one week of comfortable stay in Mongolia

4.1,400 USD (4,824,000 MNT) for a week of luxury holidays in Mongolia

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